A recent study by an international certification body found that how well solar panels stand up to wear and tear varies greatly, but where they’re manufactured has little to do with quality.

The report, the PVEL-GTM PV Module Reliability Scorecard was published by Norway-based DNV GL. The tests, performed by PV Evolution Labs (PVEL), included five test categories. The number of photovoltaic module manufacturers taking part varied from 17 to 22, depending on the test.

The modules were tested to determine how their solar conversion efficiency stood up to varying degrees of stress. Solar cell “efficiency” refers to the proportion of energy from sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity. On average, today’s solar panels have a 15% to 18% solar efficiency rate (the best PVs have as high as a 22% conversion rate). So, each solar panel would be tested based on its beginning efficiency rating.

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